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id=\"tab_div_z961\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_z961\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n<h2>\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u8981\u65e8<\/h2>\n<h3>Trade Ceramics in Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan<br \/>\nfrom the Ninth to Fourteenth Centuries<\/h3>\n<p>From the late 8th to 9th centuries, Chinese ceramics began to be exported overseas in large quantities. The period spanning from this time until the late 14th century, when the Ming Dynasty implemented maritime restrictions and developed tribute trade, has drawn considerable scholarly interest regarding the circulation of trade ceramics and the movement of people across the East Asian seas. However, even within the same maritime region encompassing Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan, research has been conducted separately in each area; comprehensive studies integrating all three have been extremely rare. Studying the three areas in isolation risks limiting our understanding of the wider picture, potentially obscuring the extent to which they functioned as part of a single connected maritime system.<br \/>\nThis thesis attempts to reconstruct the complex, multi-layered activities of exchange and trade of this period by reading the three areas relationally rather than in isolation. Through comparative analysis of trade ceramics, in particular those referred to here as \u201cspecial items\u201d\u2014types of ware that are relatively scarce compared to the predominant bowls and plates and have received less attention in discussions of material circulation\u2014unearthed in the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan, alongside shipwreck materials and the trade ceramics from the Hakata archaeological sites, a key Japanese trade hub, it traces how trade routes formed, shifted, and overlapped across six centuries.<br \/>\nIn 9th century Japan, Chinese ceramics were primarily introduced through a small number of individuals, such as Chinese merchants and monks. Meanwhile, in Southeast Asia, active Islamic merchants transported ceramics throughout Asia, some entering Taiwan via regional distribution networks. In the 10th century, changes occurred in China&#8217;s trade and ceramic production structures. Traces of domestic transport ships appeared along the Taiwan and Penghu coasts, but in the Ryukyu Islands, only the northern regions with close ties to Japan obtained Chinese ceramics.<br \/>\nFrom the 11th century, Japan&#8217;s trade structure shifted significantly and China&#8217;s ceramic industry entered a new phase. Large quantities of Chinese ceramics were imported into Kyushu and transported further south, reaching the entire Ryukyu Islands, while Taiwan entered a period of stagnation. However, the emergence of the Tapenkeng site in northern Taiwan revealed diverse trade ceramics, showing distinct characteristics clearly different from the surrounding areas and the Ryukyu Islands.<br \/>\nFrom the late 12th century, alongside the traditional import routes, a new route opened northward from China to Japan via the Ryukyu Islands. Analysis of \u201cspecial items\u201d such as four-ring jars suggests this route likely did not originate solely in Fuzhou, and analysis of covered boxes indicates the formation of small-scale circulation zones across different regions.<br \/>\nThe limited distribution of two Fujian ceramic types in the Ryukyu Islands after the late 13th century, along with the discovery of the same types in the Matsu Islands and northern Taiwan, demonstrates a stable trade route from Fujian through the Matsu Islands and northern Taiwan to the Ryukyu Islands. Meanwhile, in the central region of Taiwan&#8217;s west coast, a ceramics distribution network took shape that would outlast even the late 14th century maritime ban.<br \/>\nAlthough many of these interpretations remain hypothetical, the larger picture is clear: trade ceramics moved across the East Asian maritime region from the 9th to 14th centuries not through a single centralized structure, but by multiple overlapping networks of varying scales. Reading the three areas together, and tracing special items alongside everyday wares, brings these smaller networks into view where region-by-region studies overlook them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"tab_div_40d6\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_40d6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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