{"id":549,"date":"2015-04-29T11:18:32","date_gmt":"2015-04-29T02:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.okigei.ac.jp\/PhD\/?p=549"},"modified":"2025-10-09T21:38:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T12:38:06","slug":"post-549","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.okigei.ac.jp\/PhD\/research\/dr-dissertation\/post-549","title":{"rendered":"\u30cf\u30ef\u30a4\u306e\u6c96\u7e04\u7cfb\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u3088\u308b\u82b8\u80fd\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u6c96\u7e04"},"content":{"rendered":"<dl>\n<dt>\u6c0f\u540d\uff08\u672c\u7c4d\uff09<\/dt>\n<dd><ruby><rp>\uff08<\/rp><rt><\/rt><\/ruby><span style=\"line-height: 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style=\"line-height: 1.84;\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"tab_div_cxba\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_cxba\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n<h2>\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u8981\u65e8<\/h2>\n<h3><a>The Construction of Diaspora through Okinawan Traditional Music and Dance in Hawaii.<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>From the perspective of Okinawan performing arts research, this paper offers an ethnomusicological discussion as to the ways in which Okinawan emigrant workers, beginning in the early 20th century, expressed their performing arts identity while developing those arts in their new host societies. Additionally, it attempts to address the practice of Okinawan performing arts in emigrant communities not only as an aspect of the emigrant culture, but to reestablish a place for emigrant performing arts within the field of Okinawan performing arts research.<\/p>\n<p>The second chapter focuses on Maui, which had the highest number of Okinawan emigrants, and uses the example of the \u201c<i>Bon Odori<\/i>\u201d <i>Bon<\/i> Festival dance. Okinawan natives\u2019 traditional practice of the Bon Festival was the \u201c<i>Ryukyu Bon Odori <\/i>(<i>Eisa<\/i>).\u201d While it cannot be said that there was no discriminatory relationship between Okinawan emigrants and main island Japanese emigrants, the <i>Ryukyu Bon Odori<\/i> was contradictorily more highly appreciated by the main island Japanese natives because of its uniqueness. This appreciation combined with contemporary increasing appreciation of Okinawan performing arts in the main islands of Japan to have an influence on Hawaii, as well. While, it is generally considered that there was friction and discrimination within the community of Japanese emigrants, within the narrow perspective of the practice of the <i>Bon festival dance<\/i>, it can be seen that there was very little clear division.<\/p>\n<p>The third chapter focuses on the influence of the flow of immigrants and emigrants on performing arts. The home community culture not only influenced the performing arts practices of the emigrant communities, but there are also examples in which it can be said that it took up influence from the emigrant communities as well. This phenomenon of culture being carried back can be called a back current. The example used of this back current is the <i>Eisa<\/i> in the <i>Yogi <\/i>district of Okinawa City. In comparing the invocation of <i>Nembutsu<\/i>, which is an essential element in the Eisa, invocation chants that had been lost within Okinawa prefecture were preserved in nearly complete form and may become an important resource in thinking of Okinawan <i>Nembutsu<\/i>. In this way, looking at the back current in performing arts offered a more complex perspective on the history of Okinawan <i>Eisa<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>The fourth and final chapter provides an observation of intentionality in the ways in which modern descendents of Okinawan emigrants have received the cultural transfer of performing arts. During the course of field surveys, multiple trends in the practice of performing arts, such as the <i>Bon<\/i> Festival, were apparent. This chapter presents two of the most significant of those. The first trend is the seeking of cultural roots through the continued practice of Okinawan traditional arts among emigrant communities in Hawaii and the second is the seeking for \u201c<i>Ryukyuan<\/i>\u201d rather than Okinawan roots. These trends can be interpreted as first expressing the <i>Kindai <\/i>(<i>modern period<\/i>) Okinawa in which the first emigrants lived and later projecting the <i>pre-Kinsei (early modern period)<\/i> Ryukyus. Although there is no difference in both generations\u2019 efforts to return to their cultural roots, there is a difference in their interpretation of the roots of Okinawan culture. It can be thought that the Okinawan emigrant community in Hawaii is posing the question to modern Okinawa, \u201cWhat is traditional Okinawan performing arts?\u201d<br \/>\n<span style=\"line-height: 1.84;\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"tab_div_qzxm\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_qzxm\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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