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u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306e\u89b3\u5ff5\u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5bb9\u308c\u3001\u7279\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u66f8\u306e\u7de8\u7e82\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u5730\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7956\u5148\u795e\u306e\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u5fa1\u5dbd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8056\u57df\u306e\u795e\u540d\u306e\u7531\u6765\u7b49\u3092\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306b\u6c42\u3081\u3001\u6c96\u7e04\u306e\u571f\u7740\u306e\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306e\u59ff\u3092\u307f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7409\u7403\u306e\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306e\u89b3\u5ff5\u306f\u3001\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u69d8\u3067\u5404\u9818\u57df\u306b\u77db\u76fe\u306a\u304f\u6df7\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306a\u69d8\u76f8\u3053\u305d\u7409\u7403\u306e\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306e\u89b3\u5ff5\u306e\u5b9f\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u6587\u732e\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u306f\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u91cf\u304c\u304b\u306a\u308a\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6c96\u7e04\u306e\u300c\u5929\u300d\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u3092\u63cf\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6c11\u9593\u306e\u796d\u308a\u3084\u6614\u8a71\u7b49\u306b\u307f\u308b\u300c\u5929\u300d\u3082\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8ffd\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.84;\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"tab_div_n7qh\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_n7qh\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n<h2>\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u8981\u65e8<\/h2>\n<h3><a>A Fundamental Study on the Concept of TEN in Ryukyu <\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The word TEN appears in various written forms and cultural expressions produced in Ryukyu. These forms and expressions include official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom, compilations of ancient songs and poems, and Kumiodori or narrative Ryukyuan traditional dance. However very few research has been conducted on the concept of TEN in Ryukyu. Thus, this study is intended to clarify the concept of TEN in Ryukyu.<\/p>\n<p>The Introductory Chapter presents a literature review and discusses research questions and methods used in the study.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter One examines the concept of TEN as generally understood in Japan and China. The legitimacy of the Son of Heaven in China, Emperor in Japan, or the first ruler of the original kingdom was claimed through the concept.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter Two focuses on the concept of TEN in the official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom such as the Chuzan seikan, Chuzan seifu and Kyuyou. The word TEN appears in phrases such as the Mandate of Heaven and the Revolution Decreed by Heaven as well as in descriptions of the births of the kings. The concept was used to legitimize the absoluteness of the kings, while influencing the process of creation of official histories. The concept was thus part of the consciousness of the ruling class in Ryukyu.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter Three examines the concept of TEN in the Omoro soshi, the oldest compilation of ancestral songs and poems by the Ryukyu Kingdom. The word TEN presents diverse and multilayered conceptual interpretations. It refers to the sky, a physical entity; it also refers to the abstract notion of \u201cupper world\u201d; it also refers to the world itself; finally it can be interpreted as a praising word for the king. These conceptual interpretations of the word TEN reflect the world view of the ko ryukyu or \u201cold Ryukyu.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Chapter Four focuses on the concept of TEN in songs from different regions of Ryukyu compiled in Nanto kayo taisei. The word TEN shows diverse and multilayered conceptual interpretations similar to those in the Omoro soshi. In songs from Amami islands, however, the word TEN is hardly used as a praising word for the kings. In songs from Miyako and Yaeyama, the word UE is often used as a paring word to TEN, indicating that the word UE may be an indigenous equivalent to the word TEN.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter Five examines the concept of TEN in the Kumiodori , narrative Ryukyuan traditional dance, recorded in literature. In its revenge stories, phrases such as \u201cdivine retribution\u201d appear while in its love stories the notions such as \u201corders from heaven\u201d also appear. These phrases and notions correspond to the concept of the Mandate of Heaven and the Revolution decreed by Heaven. Also, as the Kumiodori incorporates Confucian ethnics such as loyalty and filial piety , the concept of TEN reflecting the Confucian ethnics is highly recognizable.<\/p>\n<p>The Final Chapter presents a summary of the study. The ruling class of the Ryukyu kingdom adopted the concept of TEN as a political thought employed in China to rule their kingdom and used the concept to create the official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom. On the other hand, the ordinary people of rural areas adhered to their indigenous concept of TEN and used it to trace the origin of their ancestral gods and the sacred names of Utaki, sacred places. The concept of TEN in Ryukyu was diverse and multilayered, but not in contradictory with one another. The diversity and complexity in which the concept of TEN manifested itself are the most salient features of the concept used and experienced in Ryukyu.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.84;\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"tab_div_5dad\" class=\"tab_content\" aria-labeledby=\"tab_li_5dad\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"tabpanel\">\n<h2>\u8ad6\u6587\u5be9\u67fb\u8981\u65e8<\/h2>\n<p 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